QUESTIONS

1. The 4 ways a dog or puppy can get infected with Toxocara canis are?
   
   Which route is not one of the ways a cat/kitten can get infected with Toxocara cati?
    
2. The genus of coccidia usually infecting carnivores is _______________. (In herbivores, it is _______________).
    
3. THE COCCIDIA LIFE CYCLE
   
   The coccidial stage shed in feces is the _______________ which sporulates in the environment to form _______________ which contain ____________.  The stage ingested by the host is the
   _______________ (same as very first blank); the _______________ are liberated and invade the GI epithelium.  Once inside the cell they round up to form a stage called a _______________. The nucleus of this stage begins rapidly dividing.  This process is called _______________ , the resulting organism is called a _______________ and the little nuclei inside are called _______________.  The epithelial cell ruptures, releasing the little nuclei which invade new epithelial cells. From here, they can repeat the above asexual generation up to 2 more times depending on species or they can move on to a sexual generation. The sexual course is called ______________.  The little male nuclei form _______________ and they fuse inside a GI cell with a little female nucleus called a _______________. The zygote they form develops into an _______________ (the very first answer again) which is passed in the stool.
    
4. Coccidia cannot be detected until they reach their sexual generation & start producing something we can find in stool.
   
   Approximately how long does it take from the time of infection to the point where they are detectable?
    
5. Is coccidiosis a large or small bowel disease?
    
6. Sulfa drugs are used as coccidiostats. Where in the life cycle do they act?
    
7. The prepatent period of T. canis is _______________ weeks.
   
   The larval infective stage is _______________.
    
8. The prepatent period for Toxascaris leonina is ______________ weeks. the larval infective stage is _______________.
    
9. Does T. leonina have a whole body migration like T canis does?
    
10. At what day of K9 pregnancy do hypobiotic T. canis larvae mobize on unborn pups?
    
    How long will it take for these pups to show eggs in their stool?
     
11. The main species of K9 hookworm is _______________.  The main species of feline hookworm is _______________.
     
12. There is a worm which is able to develop into males & females when the environment is hospitable & do a non-parasitic life cycle and then, when the environment is unfavorable, it only develops into females and does a parthenogenetic parasitic life cycle. What worm is this?
     
13. The prepatency for Giardia is _______________ weeks.

(This seemed like pretty every day stuff so I tried to hit details that haven't been covered on-line or things I've forgotten over time.  I can do more if people want. Parasitology was worth 2 academic quarters when I was in school yet, we aren't covering it
except incidentally in this course)




 

ANSWERS

1. T. canis is contracted
   
   a) fecal/oral off the ground
   
   b) eating a paratenic host
   
   c) drinking infected milk
   
   d) in utero. Kittens are not infected in utero.
   
   
   
   
    
2. Carnivores get Isospora. Herbivores get Eimerias.
   
   
   
   
    
3. The oocyst is passed in stool. It sporulates into sporocysts containing sporozoites.  The oocyst is ingested and the sporozoites are liberated. In the GI cell the sporozoite rounds up to form a trophozoite. In a process called Schizogony, the trophozoite becomes a Schizont and its many little nuclei are called merozoites. The sexual cycle is called gametogeny. Males are microgametocytes and females are macrogametocytes. The zygote ultimately forms an oocyst to be passed and for us to detect.
   
   
   
   
    
4. It takes usually 8-15 days before oocysts are found.
   
   
   
   
    
5. In all species of coccidia, the first generation (schizogony) is always in the small intestine. After that, some species of coccidia stay in the small intestine and others move to the colon for their next generations (either more schizogony or gametogeny).
   
   
   
   
    
6. Sulfas act on Schizogony.  Remember, it is the immune response that ends the infection; not drugs. Theoretically, the infection should be past schizogony by the time it is detectable so are sulfas really working or is the infection self-limiting? Who knows.  We use albon & the like anyway.
   
   
   
   
    
7. The prepatency of T. Canis is 4-5 weeks (It drives me crazy when people want to deworm only 3 weeks after the first deworming!).
   
   The infective stage is L2.
   
   
   
   
    
8. The prepatency of T. leonina is 10-11 weeks. The infective stage is also L2.
   
   
   
   
    
9. T. leonina does not have a world tour whole body migration.
   
   
   
   
    
10. Hypobiotic T. canis larvae mobilize at the 40-45 day of pregnancy. Pups show eggs in stool at age 3 weeks.  This infection can be prevented by using Fenbendazole in pregnancy.
    
    
    
    
     
11. K9 hooks = Ancylostoma caninum.
    
    Feline hooks = Ancylostoma tubiforme.
    
    
    
    
     
12. That innovative parthenogenetic worm is Strongyloides stercoralis.
    
    
    
    
     
13. Giardia's prepatency is 1-2 weeks.