QUESTIONS

1. Another name for the ovarian cortex is the ______________ and another name for the ovarian medulla is the _______________.
    
2. What might one find in the ovarian cortex?
    
3. What might one find in the ovarian medulla?
    
4. In mammals, when do oogonia form primordial follicles?  What does a primordial follicle become next?
    
5. How do you tell a primary follicle from a secondary follicle?
    
6. What's the difference between the cumulus oophorus and the corona radiata?
    
7. The granulosa cells are surrounded by a capsule of modified stromal cells called ________________, the inner layer of which produces sex steroids and has LH receptors.
    
8. How does one form a:
   
        corpus hemorrhagium?
        corpus luteum?
        corpus alpicans?
    
9. What is another name for the uterine tube?
    
10. What's the difference between the parametrium & the mesometrium?
     
11. Does the oviduct use peristalsis to move the ovum or does it just use ciliated epithelium?
     
12. The endometrium has what kind of epithelial cells?
     
13. In what species does the vagina cornify in estrus?
     
14. What is the acrosomal reaction?
     
15. True or False:
    
    In fertilization, only one sperm gets inside the zona pellucida.
     
16. Name the embryonic stage that implants into the uterus.
     
17. What's the difference between the chorion & the amnion?
     
18. What does the ductus venosus connect?
    
    
    
    
     

ANSWERS

1. The ovarian cortex is also called the zona parenchymatosa & the ovarian medulla is also called the zona vasculosa.
   
   
   
   
    
2. In the ovarian cortex one might find:  the germinal epithelium (though any ova/primordial follicles are underneath this epithelium), under the epithelium is the tunica albuginea ( a dense layer of connective tissue), then follicles in all stages, CL's, CA's, atretic follicles.
   
   
   
   
    
3. In the ovarian medulla one might find blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, old follicles remnants.  The medulla is continuous with the mesovarium at the hilus.
   
   
   
   
    
4. Oogonia form primordial follicles at birth. After that they become primary follicles, characterized by follicular cells around the oocyte & by a zona pellucida.
   
   
   
   
    
5. The big difference between primary & secondary follicles is that the secondary follicle has an antrum (fluid-filled space).
   
   
   
   
    
6. The cumulus oophorus is a mound of granulosa cells sort of like a pedestal.  The corona radiata is the follicular cell covering of the oocyte.
   
   
   
   
    
7. The capsule of stromal cells is called the Theca follculi.
   
   
   
   
    
8. Corpus hemorrhagium is the blood-filled structure resulting from follicle rupture.
   
   Corpus luteum = formed as a result of a rather long story. In a nutshell, the theca & granulosa cells get luteinized as a result of exposure to pituitary LH. The CL secretes progestins.
   
   Corpus albicans is a regressed CL
   
   
   
   
    
9. A uterine tube is also known as a Fallopian tube or an oviduct.
   
   
   
   
    
10. The oviduct uses both peristalsis & ciliated epithelium to move the ovum.
    
    
    
    
     
11. Mesometrium is the mesentery-like structure supporting the uterus except where the uterus is no longer inside the peritoneum. At this point, the uterus is covered by adventitia instead of serosa & the supporting structure is the Parametrium. Do not confuse the parametrium with the perimetrium ( the unterine layers are: endometrium, myometrium &  perimetrium).
    
    
    
    
     
12. Endometrium has simple columnar epithelium.
    
    
    
    
     
13. The vagina cornifies in estrus in carnivores & in rats.
    
    
    
    
     
14. The acrosomal reaction:  The capacitated sperm releases two enzymes in the acrosomal reaction. One is hyaluronidase to bust the corona radiata & the other is zona lysin to get through the zona pellucida.
    
    
    
    
     
15. False.  Many sperm beat their way through the zona. Only one, however, contacts the oocyte & gets phagocytized.  At this moment, the ovum releases cortical granules to make the zona impenetrable & also to desensitize the plasmalemma to other sperms.  Also at this moment, the second meiotic division occurs.
    
    
    
    
     
16. The implanting stage is Mr. Blastocyst.
    
    
    
    
     
17. The chorion is the outermost layer of the embryonic support structure.  It develops the trophoblast cells that burrow in & connect w/mom.  The amnion is the inner most membrane & is continuous w/the embryonic integument. The allantois balloons in between to form the amnio-allantois & the chorioallantoic membranes.
    
    
    
    
     
18. The ductus venosus connects the fetal portal vein or post cava with the umbilical veins. Blood can thus bypass the developing liver though, ironically, the ductus venosus sits within the liver.