The prevalence of obesity in dogs has been increasing over the last years. Changes in serum lipid profile are frequently seen in obese dogs and can predispose to liver diseases, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases, as well as other pathological conditions. The aim of this study is to characterize and compare the lipid profile between obese and overweight dogs. Obese and overweight dogs were determined by palpation and inspection using the body condition score (BCS), with the five-point scale. Blood was collected after 12 hours of fasting via jugular venipuncture. Serum samples were analysed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels. Automated enzymatic colorimetric methods were used for serum TC, triglyceride, and HDLc measurements. LDLc levels were calculated using the Friedewald formula: LDLc = TC – (HDL + TG/5) (Friedewald et al. 1972). Mean cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, and triglycerides of obese dogs were 197.7±53.1, 158.7±126.9, 72.7±6.3, and 93.3±56.2, while the overweight were 211.6±65.0, 127.0±135.1, 72.3±5.8, and 113.9±72.9 for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides, respectively. In the obese group, 11.5% and 50% showed an increase in TC and triglycerides, respectively. In the overweight group, elevations in TC and triglycerides occurred in 13.6% and 40.9% of the dogs. There were no statistical differences between the groups for any of the parameters evaluated. Dyslipidemia occurred regardless of the degree of obesity. In both groups, dyslipidemia was mild but frequent, and it should always be evaluated, with emphasis in monitoring of serum triglyceride levels.