Dental fractures occur due to dental trauma, whether by fights, pranks, accidents or chewing hard objects.

Among the high hardness objects stand out the natural bones and artificial bones of nylon. A study at the University of São Paulo by Prof. Marco Gioso and Dr. Alexandre Venceslau (2000) showed that a quarter of the dogs studied (N = 300) had some type of dental trauma as wear, non-complicated fractures or complicated fractures, almost all of them related to natural chewing bones.

In cases of tooth fracture, communication occurs from the external environment with the internal environment of the tooth, either through the porosity of the dentine tubules or by direct exposure of the root canal system.

At first, there is an inflammation of the tissue at the same time to start the entry of microorganisms inside the tooth, colonizing the pulp tissue. This causes intense pain. When no treatment is performed, the inflammatory and infectious process leads to pulp necrosis, stopping the pain that the patient can feel. However, these microorganisms cross the apical delta, arriving to the periapical periodontal ligament, generating the periapical bone resorption, which can be seen in intraoral radiography as apical periodontitis.

This periapical ends up generating fistula or abscess, causing inconvenience to the patient. In more advanced cases, this infection can eventually lead to infections in other organs such as kidneys, liver or heart.

There are two treatments for a fractured tooth: tooth extraction or root canal treatment. Tooth extraction is the simplest method to solve the problem caused by tooth fracture, and a non-conservative and traumatic procedure.

For some decades now, the professionals offer a conservative treatment, helping to maintain the tooth in the oral cavity through the root canal treatment.

The aim of endodontic treatment basically consists in making emptying and modeling of root canal disinfection, sealing and restoration of the tooth.