Background

Allogenic adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used in healing of bone defects. Local application of MSCs showed very strong osteoproductive properties; however other modes, particularly systemic I.V. approach, have not been yet investigated.

Aims

To test the hypothesis that systemic application of MSCs can be applied in treatment of radial segmental defect.

Methods

Rabbit MSCs were isolated from femurs of adult animal and ex vivo expended. 15 radial defects of 20 mm size were created in 3 groups of experimental rabbits. Grafts containing Tri-Calcium Phosphate (TCP), TCP and MSCs added locally to defect and TCP and MSCs applied systemically I.V. were performed and observed for 12 weeks.

Radiological, histological and histomorphometric evaluation of bone repair was made in present study.

Results

TCP with MSCs applied locally group demonstrated the best radiographic, histological and histomorphometric score of bone healing. TCP and MSCs applied systemically group was evaluated with lower osteoproductive potential. Group grafted with pure TCP revealed only mild osteoproductive properties and the lowest score.

Conclusion

Systemic application demonstrated the ability of MSCs to reach the peripheral bone defect and to amplify the defect healing. Future studies are required to determine the safety and efficacy of MSCs and their precise fate in systemic application.