An unknown ship spilled 5,000 gallons of marine grade fuel oil (Bunker C) onto Puget Sound waters fouling 3,000 wintering seabirds. Seven Orders were represented including 22 species. Early survival rates were high due to aggressive medical therapy for hypothermia/shock/dehydration and oil toxicity. Protocol included 1) IM injections of steroids (DNP 4mg/ml) and multivitamins (Injacoml00Plus B); 2) Intravenous replacement fluids; 3) Intestinal protectants and absorbents (Toxiban, Kaopectate) were tube fed along with oral electrolytes (Gatorade). A 5 vaccine series for Aspergillosis was used with success. Three main disease syndromes were encountered during the rehabilitation period. 1) Mouth and esophageal lesions caused by Candida yeast and secondary bacteria; 2) Septic arthritis of foot and leg joints; 3) Decubital ulceration and necrosis of ventral breast tissues. Successful treatments were few. A lack of normal values for serum and knowledge of normal microflora made diagnosis difficult. Treatment regimens, blood samples, cultures, gross and histopathology results are summarized, with recommendations for management and husbandry of various species. Many captivity problems could have been avoided if more were known about some of the bird species specific physiological needs and habits. Aviculturists and researchers should do more work in these areas and build on these efforts.